Sunday, May 6, 2012

1.3 The Development of Development


1.3 The Development of Development
By the term 'development' various authors mean oversimplified advice. We will always have in‑
different things. Here I will be concerned with stances of both. To this day, for example, fixed
it in the simple sense of bringing one's pieces rules and principles are found in the annota‑
out, leaving questions of the quality of their dis­ tions of advanced players, and yet increasingly
position to be discussed case by case. SOMCS we also find remarks about ignoring those
emphasized the increasing number of openings rules. The play is the thing, and one can only
in which modem players choose not to bring use one's experience and judgement to discern
their pieces out in order to achieve other goals the changes (or lack of them) over the years.
such as establishment of a favourable pawn-       For all that, I think that the average player
structure. Increasingly, we see developmental might be surprised how ingrained certain prej‑
patterns that defy traditional conceptions. For udices were in classical times. One cannot
example, the same piece is moved repeatedly mistake the consistent aversion of top players
and ends up on a worse square (or even back at to openings that failed to develop the pieces
home) so as to provoke the opponent into a po­ quickly or to challenge the centre. Along those
tentially vulnerable situation. Or pieces are de­ lines, rules about how to conduct play took a
veloped to apparently awkward squares leading long time to fade from players' consciousnesses.
to inharmonious positions for purely pragmatic Rai, for example, is obviously serious when he
or prophylactic reasons. We also see pawn- talks about the prevalence in even the best of
grabbing sorties by the queen to the complete earlier games of "moves that seem self-evident
neglect of development, a strategy previously and which the master of routine made without
frowned upon by the textbooks.     reflection, because such moves were founded
Here I will be looking at these kinds of on rules of such long standing as to have be‑
strategies, but also at the evolution of attitudes come part of that master's flesh and blood". In
towards development in well-established posi­ the same vein, he finds that in the games of
tions. The latter is consistent with the idea of the hypermodern players, "moves that were
examining change that has become routine as earlier held to be self-evident, that every good
well as that which is exceptional. We will dis­ player made automatically, so to speak, must
cover an increasingly open-minded approach frequently be cast aside." As one of many illus‑
towards the problem of how to get the pieces trations, he emphasizes how the established de‑
out. velopmental rules were changing. He cites, for
First, however, I want to make a brief histori­ example, the multi-faceted rule that apart from
cal digression. Some of the rules and dogmatic a few moves by central pawns, each move of the
assessments that I discussed in SOMCS ap­ opening should develop a new piece, and it
peared in popular articles such as Steinitz wrote should be moved only once if possible (exclud‑
or in relatively elementary books such as Las­ ing captures, recaptures, and attacked pieces,
ker's 'Manual' or in other general works such of course). Reti finds counter-examples from
as those of Tarrasch. Others showed up in young players of his time, and with hindsight
high-level annotations. This raises the question we can see how the hypermoderns themselves,
of whether the writers themselves weren't nec­ by comparison with players today or even So‑
essarily adherents of the views expressed, but viet players in the 1940s, were extremely mod‑
were instead writing for the student. In fact, I est in their deviations from the old rules of
think that it's fairly easy to distinguish as one development. Today, Viktor Korchnoi can mis‑
reads these texts whether the author is ex­ chievously say "All obvious moves look dubi‑
pressing a fundamental belief or giving some ous in analysis after a game".

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